![]() The record shows an open boreal forest ecosystem with mixed vegetation of poplar, birch and thuja trees, as well as a variety of Arctic and boreal shrubs and herbs, many of which had not previously been detected at the site from macrofossil and pollen records. Here we report an ancient environmental DNA 6 (eDNA) record describing the rich plant and animal assemblages of the Kap København Formation in North Greenland, dated to around two million years ago. The biological communities inhabiting the Arctic during this time remain poorly known because fossils are rare 5. ![]() Palaeoclimatic records show strong polar amplification with mean annual temperatures of 11–19 ☌ above contemporary values 3, 4. Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene epochs 3.6 to 0.8 million years ago 1 had climates resembling those forecasted under future warming 2. Nature volume 612, pages 283–291 ( 2022) Cite this article A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA ![]()
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